Defense of the brain time view
نویسنده
چکیده
Making sense of our ever-changing surroundings requires the extraction of temporal information from a continuous stream of stimulation. How do we achieve this when the relevant information can be separated by only tens of milliseconds? I address this question by focusing on the debate concerning the perceptual asynchrony of changes of visual features. This refers to the finding that when a moving stimulus simultaneously changes its color and direction of movement, the subjects report that the change in color occurs 60–100ms before the change in direction. One explanation for this finding is that colors are processed faster than motion, which in turn means that changes in color are processed faster than changes in motion, and this difference in perceptual latency is reflected in our judgments of the temporal features of the stimuli (Moutoussis and Zeki, 1997, 2002). Crucially, this explanation assumes that the judged order of events mirrors the time at which the brain generates the representation of the events or their features. Because the temporal properties of the representations generated by the brain serve as time-markers1, this view has been called the brain time view. Nishida and Johnston (2002, 2010) object to this explanation and propose the time-marker view as an alternative. This view differs from the brain time view in two respects. First, it holds that representations of color and motion are generated at the same time, and that the reported asynchrony between them results from an error in a specialized mechanism responsible for temporal judgments. Second, temporal judgments mirror the timing of external events as closely as possible (rather than the time when the neural processing of the events is completed). For this reason, the mechanism is thought to be a mid-level perceptual process. In what follows, I will defend the brain time view from the objections raised against it by Nishida and Johnston. This has been already done on the empirical grounds (e.g., Arnold, 2010;Moutoussis, 2012, 2014). My argumentation complements this debate by focusing on themore theoretical issues and highlighting implicit assumptions in Nishida and Johnston’s argumentation.
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عنوان ژورنال:
دوره 6 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2015